Among these countries are Egypt, Tunisia, Al-Jazair, Libya and Morocco. Of the countries that will be dealt in this paper is focused on the Moroccan state in the period before and after independence. ruler Western / European societies like Morocco are not good, they are also deprived of land besides resulting in the loss of livelihoods, and the European also exchange the previous system of plants new seeds, so farmers Morocco remained a farmer at a loss when harvest time, another effect of the presence of Europeans in Morocco is the loss of power of the Sufi in small areas, hence the birth of national consciousness of the people Morocco. awareness to deliver the birth of the national resistance movements of the Moroccan society and Sufi leaders to oppose the French. In addition, the French government's policy of establishing industries in urban areas has attracted the sympathy of rural communities to come to the city that is increasingly able to change their mindset. The results are slowly growing awareness of the colonists that led to the rise of popular resistance against the invaders Morocco, with the results of the creation of Moroccan independence in 1956 AD Moroccan nation is facing fierce or nation emerging from sleep the Portuguese and Spanish. Indeed since renainsance, Western nations always do a "self-improvement" and even colonize other nations to strengthen their economies from the crisis in Europe, especially the food crisis. As was the case in Morocco and other Islamic countries.
Despite fierce Europeans (Portuguese and Spanish) in Morocco, thanks to the tenacity and resilience of the Moroccan society they finally managed to free themselves from the threat of European nations in 1578 AD At that time Morocco was ruled by dynasties Sharif with two generations. The first generation is the Bani Sa'id (Sa'di) ruling from the 1554M-1659M and the second generation is in power since the Children Announcements In 1660 M. Bani Sa'id has been noted as a pioneer in the national awakening of the people of Morocco, assisted by a group of congregations Sunni.
At that time, Morocco enjoy a thriving trade thanks to the position of political life, religion becomes more established with the recognition of the Prophet's family (Sharif) as religious and political leaders as a means of acceptance of the Maliki school of Islamic practice. However, this power begins to falter when Spain occupied the country Laras and resistance from some leaders of the congregation and the Berbers in Fez. revolt by some leaders of the rebellion as well as several local congregations bring destruction Bani Bani Sa'id and replaced by Alawiyah in 1660 AD The presence of these Alawiyah Bani Hasan Ibn attributed to Ali (grandson of the Prophet Muhammad), has prevented a split in the Moroccan society at a time of division and strife-ridden politics, but in running their governments remain wary of the congregation that they come up with siege of the congregation in Fez. The army was formed and includes a black slave army during the reign of Sultan Ismail Maulai around 1700 AD, the presence of the armed forces, in the 18th century AD the Children managed to expel the Portuguese from Morocco, then held a trade agreement with the European countries north resulting in the 19th century AD is no longer foreign powers who dared disturb Morocco, but regional and global changes in the early 19 th century AD has many adverse Morocco.
This is due to the growing political and economic interests of the West, especially Britain and France in the Mediterranean which makes Morocco urgency coupled with the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 AD, so that the people of Europe are opening their eyes to explore the rich oriental spices. Moreover, with the use of steamships and trains. All this helped the Europeans for the delivery of goods from the United States, Southeast Asia and Russia to Europe that rivals Morocco exports. Morocco and the weakening economy threatened by a foreign power ever day make Morocco collapsed, it gives birth to the French Protectorate over Morocco in 1912 M.
Since then Morocco is under undermined the European and the Europeans were treated as they pleased. Powerlessness of Morocco European progress, especially since the French expansion into West Africa include Sudan and Sahara products to several Atlantic ports at the end of the 19th century AD, making Morocco the loss of markets in Europe. Seeing the decline of economic power and the power of the state due to the many who fell into the hands of the European region, in addition to several areas set up their own power to make Sultan Hasan (1873M - 1895M) renew the armed forces. However, these efforts are challenged by the majority of the religious elite and the political elite, since the renewal of the armed forces through multiple instructors and supplies weapons to come from Europe. In addition, the Sultan also initiated an increase in the country's economic infrastructure by building bridges, railway tracks and open sugar cane and cotton plantations. However, all these efforts only brought minimal results and all renewal is considered a violation of Moroccan law and tradition.
On the other hand Europe has intensified looting against Morocco in addition to the clerics also oppose "collaboration" with the French Emperor who has been in power since the year 1899M. Due to conflict and failure to deliver reforms Morocco lose independence as evidenced by the birth of the French Protectorate in 1912M. advent of the French protectorate over Morocco Fez is based on an agreement signed by the governments of France and the Sultan of Morocco (Maulay Abdul Hafiz) in 19212M. The contents of the agreement is about the extent permitted to act on behalf of the French government by the Sultan of Morocco, in the sense that whatever is done by the French was the work of Sultan. As a result, the tribes are under the power of France and they are intimidated by the military, agricultural land is annexed and threatened with starvation in addition to being forced to pay taxes. Powers France over Morocco is not only limited to the elite of the country but also a master of the elite religious (Muslim) . French policy addressing many sufi leaders who received the French authorities and also help them in subduing the tribal areas in addition to keeping the peace between the villagers. Consequently Sufi political prestige lost because of their political function decline and their positions were replaced by government bureaucrats. while the Berbers, the French see them is a group of non-Arab Morocco dapatb separated from the general population and in alliance with France. They were kept away from the influence of Arab and Islamic resulting in the formation of two groups of people who occupy different regions. Arabs living in urban and Berbers live in the mountains.
Of the work done by the French government to separate the Arabs Berbers, it is conceivable that the divisions in the community will thrive, so as to resist the invaders that are rampant in the country is difficult to achieve. This is similar to what was done by the Dutch government for power in Indonesia, especially in the Minangkabau. They approached the custom at that time was fiercely opposed to the religion (Islam). Consequently easily insert firus western Netherlands to the customary and Islamic piercing. But all of that will be inevitable emergence of political consciousness of the peoples of the Netherlands who are socially divisive Minangkabau. important thing that is necessary plucked from historical reality in Morocco and Indonesia is that Western colonialism that seems to help the community (Muslims) who are in crisis and do not easily believe the economic downturn. Moreover, to give authority / acting on behalf of the nation (Muslims), because they are really smart people to put their mission to Muslims.
Sources: http://www.pewarta-indonesia.com
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